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https://github.com/NixOS/nix.dev.git
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Merge branch 'master' into skeleton-workflow
This commit is contained in:
Zach Mitchell, PhD
GitHub
commit
09a38eeb3f
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@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
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/anti-patterns/language /recipes/best-practices 301
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/faq /recipes/faq 301
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/tutorials/contributing /contributing 301
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/tutorials/nix-language /tutorials/first-steps/nix-language 301
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/tutorials/ad-hoc-developer-environments /tutorials/first-steps/ad-hoc-shell-environments 301
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@ -11,3 +13,4 @@
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/tutorials/installing-nixos-on-a-raspberry-pi /tutorials/nixos/installing-nixos-on-a-raspberry-pi 301
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/tutorials/integration-testing-using-virtual-machines /tutorials/nixos/integration-testing-using-virtual-machines 301
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/contributing/writing-style /contributing/style-guide 301
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/tutorials/nixos/build-and-deploy/* /tutorials/nixos/:splat 301
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@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
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- https://www.habitat.sh/
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- https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/
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- https://github.com/andrewchambers/hermes
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- https://bob.build/
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- https://bobbuildtool.dev/
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Before starting this tutorial, make sure you have
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- USB keyboard.
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:::{note}
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This tutorial was written for the Raspberry Pi 4B. Using a previous supported revision, like the 3B or 3B+, is possible with tweaks.
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This tutorial was written for the Raspberry Pi 4B. Using a previous supported hardware revision, like the 3B or 3B+, is possible with some modifications to this process.
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:::
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## Booting NixOS live image
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@ -29,22 +29,19 @@ This tutorial was written for the Raspberry Pi 4B. Using a previous supported re
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Booting from USB may require an EEPROM firmware upgrade. This tutorial boots from an SD card to avoid such hiccups.
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:::
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Prepare the AArch64 image on your laptop:
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To prepare the AArch64 image on another device with Nix, run the following commands:
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```shell-session
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$ nix-shell -p wget zstd
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[nix-shell:~]$ wget https://hydra.nixos.org/build/160738647/download/1/nixos-sd-image-22.05pre335501.c71f061c68b-aarch64-linux.img.zst
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[nix-shell:~]$ unzstd -d nixos-sd-image-22.05pre335501.c71f061c68b-aarch64-linux.img.zst
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[nix-shell:~]$ wget https://hydra.nixos.org/build/226381178/download/1/nixos-sd-image-23.11pre500597.0fbe93c5a7c-aarch64-linux.img.zst
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[nix-shell:~]$ unzstd -d nixos-sd-image-23.11pre500597.0fbe93c5a7c-aarch64-linux.img.zst
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[nix-shell:~]$ dmesg --follow
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```
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:::{note}
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You can pick a newer image by going to [Hydra job](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/nixos.sd_image.aarch64-linux),
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clicking on a build and copying the link to the build product image.
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There is a [known problem](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/179701) with the latest SD images on the Pi 4, where it turns off the display while booting up.
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If you are experiencing such problems, please use [the most recent working build](https://hydra.nixos.org/build/134720986/download/1/nixos-sd-image-21.03pre262561.581232454fd-aarch64-linux.img.zst) instead until the issue is fixed.
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You can download a more recent image from [Hydra](https://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixos/trunk-combined/nixos.sd_image.aarch64-linux),
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clicking on the latest successful build (marked with a green checkmark), and copying the link to the build product image.
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:::
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Your terminal should be printing kernel messages as they come in.
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@ -53,10 +50,10 @@ Plug in your SD card and your terminal should print what device it got assigned,
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Press `ctrl-c` to stop `dmesg --follow`.
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Copy NixOS to your SD card by replacing `sdX` with the name of your device:
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Copy NixOS to your SD card by replacing `sdX` with the name of your device in the following command:
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```console
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[nix-shell:~]$ sudo dd if=nixos-sd-image-22.05pre335501.c71f061c68b-aarch64-linux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 conv=fsync status=progress
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[nix-shell:~]$ sudo dd if=nixos-sd-image-23.11pre500597.0fbe93c5a7c-aarch64-linux.img.zst of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 conv=fsync status=progress
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```
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Once that command exits, **move the SD card into your Raspberry Pi and power it on**.
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@ -91,9 +88,10 @@ To benefit from updates and bug fixes from the vendor, we'll start by updating R
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# BOOTFS=/mnt FIRMWARE_RELEASE_STATUS=stable rpi-eeprom-update -d -a
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```
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## Installing NixOS
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## Installing and Configuring NixOS
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Now we'll install NixOS with our own configuration, here creating a `guest` user and enabling the SSH daemon.
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For the initial installation, we'll install [XFCE](https://www.xfce.org/) desktop environment with user `guest` and SSH daemon.
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In the `let` binding below, change the value of the `SSID` and `SSIDpassword` variables to the `SSID` and `passphrase` values you used previously:
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```nix
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{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:
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@ -106,7 +104,15 @@ let
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interface = "wlan0";
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hostname = "myhostname";
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in {
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imports = ["${fetchTarball "https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-hardware/archive/936e4649098d6a5e0762058cb7687be1b2d90550.tar.gz" }/raspberry-pi/4"];
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boot = {
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kernelPackages = pkgs.linuxKernel.packages.linux_rpi4;
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initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "xhci_pci" "usbhid" "usb_storage" ];
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loader = {
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grub.enable = false;
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generic-extlinux-compatible.enable = true;
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};
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};
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fileSystems = {
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"/" = {
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@ -138,31 +144,27 @@ in {
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};
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};
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# Enable GPU acceleration
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hardware.raspberry-pi."4".fkms-3d.enable = true;
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services.xserver = {
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enable = true;
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displayManager.lightdm.enable = true;
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desktopManager.xfce.enable = true;
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};
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hardware.pulseaudio.enable = true;
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hardware.enableRedistributableFirmware = true;
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system.stateVersion = "23.11";
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}
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```
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To save time on typing the whole configuration, download it:
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```shell-session
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# curl -L https://tinyurl.com/nixos-rpi4-tutorial > /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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# curl -L https://tinyurl.com/tutorial-nixos-install-rpi4 > /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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```
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At the top of `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` there are a few variables that you want to configure, the most important being your wifi connection details, this time specified in declarative way.
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:::{note}
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Credentials you write into a NixOS configuration will be stored in plain text in your `/nix/store` when that configuration is built.
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Once you're ready to install NixOS:
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If you **don't** want this to happen, you can enter your credentials at a console or use one of the community's solutions for encrypted secrets.
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:::
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Due to the way the `nixos-sd-image` is designed, NixOS is actually *already installed* at this point, so we only need to `nixos-rebuild` with our new configuration:
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```shell-session
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# nixos-install --root /
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# nixos-rebuild boot
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# reboot
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```
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@ -182,6 +184,5 @@ $ sudo -i
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## Next steps
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- Once you have a successfully running OS, try upgrading it with `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` and reboot to the old configuration if something broke.
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- To tweak bootloader options affecting hardware, [see config.txt options](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/) and change the options by running `mount /dev/disk/by-label/FIRMWARE /mnt` and opening `/mnt/config.txt`.
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- To see the power of declarative configuration, try replacing `xfce` with `kodi` in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`, run `nixos-rebuild switch` as root and `reboot`.
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- Once you have a successfully running OS, try upgrading it with `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` to install more recent package versions, and reboot to the old configuration if something broke.
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- To tweak bootloader options affecting hardware, [see `config.txt` options](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/). You can change these options by running `mount /dev/disk/by-label/FIRMWARE /mnt` and opening `/mnt/config.txt`.
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