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use a text-only configuration for the VM tutorial
with the right flags it can be started in the current terminal. when the VM stops, it's ungarbled with `reset`.
This commit is contained in:
Valentin Gagarin
parent
53cbd112d7
commit
229682d445
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@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ You will also learn reading the Nix language, and later use it to build portable
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:maxdepth: 1
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ad-hoc-shell-environments.md
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reproducible-scripts.md
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declarative-shell.md
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Declarative shell environments <declarative-shell.md>
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towards-reproducibility-pinning-nixpkgs.md
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```
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@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ For a thorough treatment of the module system, check the [](module-system-deep-d
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## Starting from a default NixOS configuration
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In this tutorial you will use a default configuration that is shipped with NixOS.
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You can also skip this section and copy the [sample configuration](sample-nixos-config) for this tutorial into a file `configuration.nix` in the current directory.
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::::{admonition} NixOS
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@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ On NixOS, use the `nixos-generate-config` command to create a configuration file
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Beware that the result of this command depends on your current NixOS configuration.
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The output of 'nixos-generate-config' can be made reproducible in a `nix-shell` environment.
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Here we provide a configuration that is used for the [NixOS GNOME graphical ISO image](https://nixos.org/download#nixos-iso):
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Here we provide a configuration that is used for the [NixOS minimal ISO image](https://nixos.org/download#nixos-iso):
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```shell-session
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nix-shell -I nixpkgs=channel:nixos-23.11 -p 'let pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { config = {}; overlays = []; }; iso-config = pkgs.path + /nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix; gnome-nixos = pkgs.nixos iso-config; in gnome-nixos.config.system.build.nixos-generate-config'
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nix-shell -I nixpkgs=channel:nixos-23.11 -p 'let pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { config = {}; overlays = []; }; iso-config = pkgs.path + /nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix; nixos = pkgs.nixos iso-config; in nixos.config.system.build.nixos-generate-config'
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```
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:::{dropdown} Detailed explanation
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@ -46,16 +47,16 @@ This is the readable long form using a [heredoc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H
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nix-shell -I nixpkgs=channel:nixos-23.11 -p "$(cat <<EOF
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let
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pkgs = import <nixpkgs> { config = {}; overlays = []; };
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iso-config = pkgs.path + /nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix;
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gnome-nixos = pkgs.nixos iso-config;
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in gnome-nixos.config.system.build.nixos-generate-config
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iso-config = pkgs.path + /nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix;
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nixos = pkgs.nixos iso-config;
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in nixos.config.system.build.nixos-generate-config
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EOF
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)"
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```
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It does the following:
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- Provide Nixpkgs from a [channel](ref-pinning-nixpkgs)
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- Take the configuration file for the GNOME ISO image from the obtained version of the Nixpkgs repository
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- Take the configuration file for the minimal ISO image from the obtained version of the Nixpkgs repository
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- Evaluate that NixOS configuration with `pkgs.nixos`
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- Return the derivation which produces the `nixos-generate-config` executable from the evaluated configuration
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@ -87,11 +88,6 @@ The default NixOS configuration without comments is:
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boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
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boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
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services.xserver.enable = true;
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services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.enable = true;
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services.xserver.desktopManager.gnome.enable = true;
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system.stateVersion = "23.11";
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}
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```
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@ -103,8 +99,8 @@ To be able to log in, add the following lines to the returned attribute set:
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isNormalUser = true;
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extraGroups = [ "wheel" ];
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packages = with pkgs; [
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firefox
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tree
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cowsay
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lolcat
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];
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};
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```
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@ -117,7 +113,7 @@ Additionally, you need to specify a password for this user.
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For the purpose of demonstration only, you specify an insecure, plain text password by adding the `initialPassword` option to the user configuration:
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```nix
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initialPassword = "testpw";
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initialPassword = "test";
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```
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:::{warning}
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@ -131,7 +127,10 @@ Therefore you will remove the reference to `hardware-configuration.nix`:
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- imports = [ ./hardware-configuration.nix ];
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```
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The complete `configuration.nix` file now looks like this:
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(sample-nixos-config)=
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### Sample configuration
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The complete `configuration.nix` file looks like this:
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```nix
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{ config, pkgs, ... }:
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@ -139,19 +138,14 @@ The complete `configuration.nix` file now looks like this:
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boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
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boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
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services.xserver.enable = true;
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services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.enable = true;
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services.xserver.desktopManager.gnome.enable = true;
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users.users.alice = {
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isNormalUser = true;
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extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
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packages = with pkgs; [
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firefox
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tree
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cowsay
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lolcat
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];
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initialPassword = "testpw";
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initialPassword = "test";
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};
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system.stateVersion = "23.11";
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@ -216,11 +210,32 @@ ls -R ./result
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Run the virtual machine:
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```shell-session
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./result/bin/run-nixos-vm
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QEMU_KERNEL_PARAMS=console=ttyS0 ./result/bin/run-nixos-vm -nographic; reset
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```
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This command opens a QEMU window that shows the boot process of the virtual machine which ends at the GDM login screen.
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Log in as `alice` with the password `testpw`.
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This command will run QEMU in the current terminal due to `-nographic`.
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`console=ttyS0` will also show the boot process, which ends at the console login screen.
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Log in as `alice` with the password `test`.
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Check that the programs are indeed available as specified:
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```shell-session
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cowsay hello | lolcat
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```
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Exit the virtual machine by shutting it down:
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```shell-session
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sudo poweroff
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```
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:::{note}
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If you forgot to add the user to `wheel` or didn't set a password, stop the virtual machine from a different terminal:
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```shell-session
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sudo pkill qemu
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```
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:::
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Running the virtual machine will create a `nixos.qcow2` file in the current directory.
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This disk image file contains the dynamic state of the virtual machine.
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