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Valentin Gagarin 2022-09-30 01:15:16 +02:00
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source/tutorials/nix-language.md
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@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ Notable uses of the Nix language are:
## Overview ## Overview
Using the Nix language in practice entails multiple things: This is an introduction to **reading the Nix language**, for the purpose of following other tutorials and examples.
**Using the Nix language** in practice entails multiple things:
- Language: syntax and semantics - Language: syntax and semantics
- Libraries: `builtins` and `pkgs.lib` - Libraries: `builtins` and `pkgs.lib`
@ -36,11 +38,11 @@ Using the Nix language in practice entails multiple things:
- Ecosystem-specific packaging mechanisms: `buildGoModule`, `buildPythonApplication`, ... - Ecosystem-specific packaging mechanisms: `buildGoModule`, `buildPythonApplication`, ...
- NixOS module system: `config`, `option`, ... - NixOS module system: `config`, `option`, ...
**This guide only covers some language syntax and mostly semantics**, briefly discusses libraries, and at the end will direct you to resources on the other components. This tutorial only covers the most important language features, briefly discusses libraries, and at the end will direct you to reference material and resources on the other components.
### What will you learn? ### What will you learn?
This guide should enable you to read typical Nix language code and understand its structure. This tutorial should enable you to read typical Nix language code and understand its structure.
It shows the most common and distingushing patterns in the Nix language: It shows the most common and distingushing patterns in the Nix language:
@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ It shows the most common and distingushing patterns in the Nix language:
- [Derivations](derivations) that describe build tasks - [Derivations](derivations) that describe build tasks
:::{important} :::{important}
This guide *does not* explain all Nix language features in detail. This tutorial *does not* explain all Nix language features in detail.
See the [Nix manual][manual-language] for a full language reference. See the [Nix manual][manual-language] for a full language reference.
::: :::
@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ Read detailed explanations if you want to make sure you fully understand the exa
To *evaluate* means to transform an expression into a value according to the language rules. To *evaluate* means to transform an expression into a value according to the language rules.
::: :::
This guide contains many examples of Nix expressions. This tutorial contains many examples of Nix expressions.
Each one is followed by the expected evaluation result. Each one is followed by the expected evaluation result.
The following example is a Nix expression adding two numbers: The following example is a Nix expression adding two numbers:
@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ The second command runs `nix-instantiate` with the `--eval` option on `file.nix`
The resulting value is printed as output. The resulting value is printed as output.
`--eval` is required to evaluate the file and do nothing else. `--eval` is required to evaluate the file and do nothing else.
If `--eval` is omitted, `nix-instantiate` expects the expression in the given file to evaluate to a special value called a *Derivation*, which we will come back to at the end of this guide in [](derivations). If `--eval` is omitted, `nix-instantiate` expects the expression in the given file to evaluate to a special value called a *Derivation*, which we will come back to at the end of this tutorial in [](derivations).
</details> </details>