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nix/doc/manual/src/language/scope.md

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# Scoping rules
Nix is [statically scoped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scope_(computer_science)#Lexical_scope), but with multiple scopes and shadowing rules.
* primary scope: explicitly-bound variables
* [`let`](./syntax.md#let-expressions)
* [`inherit`](./syntax.md#inheriting-attributes)
* [function](./syntax.md#functions) arguments
* secondary scope: implicitly-bound variables
* [`with`](./syntax.md#with-expressions)
Primary scope takes precedence over secondary scope.
See [`with`](./syntax.md#with-expressions) for a detailed example.