mirror of
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
synced 2024-10-19 03:47:13 -04:00
0bbbdfbc52
This section gives some details on how to setup an "environment" without having to go through NixOS (although it could be used there too). I’ve tried to make it straightforward and have a kind of "tutorial" feel. Not sure if that’s appropriate for the manual, so any recommended changes would be helpful.
461 lines
14 KiB
XML
461 lines
14 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xml:id="chap-packageconfig">
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<title>Global configuration</title>
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<para>Nix comes with certain defaults about what packages can and
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cannot be installed, based on a package's metadata. By default, Nix
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will prevent installation if any of the following criteria are
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true:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>The package is thought to be broken, and has had
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its <literal>meta.broken</literal> set to
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<literal>true</literal>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The package's <literal>meta.license</literal> is set
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to a license which is considered to be unfree.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The package has known security vulnerabilities but
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has not or can not be updated for some reason, and a list of issues
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has been entered in to the package's
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<literal>meta.knownVulnerabilities</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Note that all this is checked during evaluation already,
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and the check includes any package that is evaluated.
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In particular, all build-time dependencies are checked.
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<literal>nix-env -qa</literal> will (attempt to) hide any packages
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that would be refused.
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</para>
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<para>Each of these criteria can be altered in the nixpkgs
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configuration.</para>
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<para>The nixpkgs configuration for a NixOS system is set in the
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<literal>configuration.nix</literal>, as in the following example:
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<programlisting>
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{
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nixpkgs.config = {
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allowUnfree = true;
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};
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}
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</programlisting>
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However, this does not allow unfree software for individual users.
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Their configurations are managed separately.</para>
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<para>A user's of nixpkgs configuration is stored in a user-specific
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configuration file located at
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<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>. For example:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfree = true;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-broken">
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<title>Installing broken packages</title>
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<para>There are two ways to try compiling a package which has been
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marked as broken.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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For allowing the build of a broken package once, you can use an
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environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_BROKEN=1</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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For permanently allowing broken packages to be built, you may
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add <literal>allowBroken = true;</literal> to your user's
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configuration file, like this:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowBroken = true;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-unfree">
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<title>Installing unfree packages</title>
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<para>There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package
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which has been marked as unfree.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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To temporarily allow all unfree packages, you can use an
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environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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It is possible to permanently allow individual unfree packages,
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while still blocking unfree packages by default using the
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<literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> configuration
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option in the user configuration file.</para>
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<para>This option is a function which accepts a package as a
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parameter, and returns a boolean. The following example
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configuration accepts a package and always returns false:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: false);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>A more useful example, the following configuration allows
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only allows flash player and visual studio code:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: elem (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name [ "flashplayer" "vscode" ]);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It is also possible to whitelist and blacklist licenses
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that are specifically acceptable or not acceptable, using
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<literal>whitelistedLicenses</literal> and
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<literal>blacklistedLicenses</literal>, respectively.
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</para>
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<para>The following example configuration whitelists the
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licenses <literal>amd</literal> and <literal>wtfpl</literal>:
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<programlisting>
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{
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whitelistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ amd wtfpl ];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>The following example configuration blacklists the
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<literal>gpl3</literal> and <literal>agpl3</literal> licenses:
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<programlisting>
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{
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blacklistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ agpl3 gpl3 ];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>A complete list of licenses can be found in the file
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<filename>lib/licenses.nix</filename> of the nixpkgs tree.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-insecure">
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<title>
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Installing insecure packages
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</title>
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<para>There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package
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which has been marked as insecure.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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To temporarily allow all insecure packages, you can use an
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environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_INSECURE=1</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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It is possible to permanently allow individual insecure
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packages, while still blocking other insecure packages by
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default using the <literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal>
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configuration option in the user configuration file.</para>
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<para>The following example configuration permits the
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installation of the hypothetically insecure package
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<literal>hello</literal>, version <literal>1.2.3</literal>:
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<programlisting>
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{
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permittedInsecurePackages = [
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"hello-1.2.3"
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];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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It is also possible to create a custom policy around which
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insecure packages to allow and deny, by overriding the
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<literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> configuration
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option.</para>
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<para>The <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> option is a
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function which accepts a package and returns a boolean, much
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like <literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal>.</para>
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<para>The following configuration example only allows insecure
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packages with very short names:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowInsecurePredicate = (pkg: (builtins.stringLength (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name) <= 5);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>Note that <literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal> is
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only checked if <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> is not
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specified.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-modify-via-packageOverrides"><title>Modify
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packages via <literal>packageOverrides</literal></title>
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<para>You can define a function called
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<varname>packageOverrides</varname> in your local
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<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> to overide nix packages. It
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must be a function that takes pkgs as an argument and return modified
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set of packages.
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<programlisting>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: rec {
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foo = pkgs.foo.override { ... };
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};
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-declarative-package-management">
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<title>Declarative Package Management</title>
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<section xml:id="sec-building-environment">
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<title>Build an environment</title>
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<para>
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Using <literal>packageOverrides</literal>, it is possible to manage
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packages declaratively. This means that we can list all of our desired
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packages within a declarative Nix expression. For example, to have
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<literal>aspell</literal>, <literal>bc</literal>,
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<literal>ffmpeg</literal>, <literal>coreutils</literal>,
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<literal>gdb</literal>, <literal>nixUnstable</literal>,
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<literal>emscripten</literal>, <literal>jq</literal>,
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<literal>nox</literal>, and <literal>silver-searcher</literal>, we could
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use the following in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils gdb ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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To install it into our environment, you can just run <literal>nix-env -iA
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nixpkgs.myPackages</literal>. If you want to load the packages to be built
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from a working copy of <literal>nixpkgs</literal> you just run
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<literal>nix-env -f. -iA myPackages</literal>. To explore what's been
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installed, just look through <filename>~/.nix-profile/</filename>. You can
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see that a lot of stuff has been installed. Some of this stuff is useful
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some of it isn't. Let's tell Nixpkgs to only link the stuff that we want:
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils gdb ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share" "/bin" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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<literal>pathsToLink</literal> tells Nixpkgs to only link the paths listed
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which gets rid of the extra stuff in the profile.
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<filename>/bin</filename> and <filename>/share</filename> are good
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defaults for a user environment, getting rid of the clutter. If you are
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running on Nix on MacOS, you may want to add another path as well,
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<filename>/Applications</filename>, that makes GUI apps available.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-getting-documentation">
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<title>Getting documentation</title>
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<para>
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After building that new environment, look through
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<filename>~/.nix-profile</filename> to make sure everything is there that
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we wanted. Discerning readers will note that some files are missing. Look
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inside <filename>~/.nix-profile/share/man/man1/</filename> to verify this.
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There are no man pages for any of the Nix tools! This is because some
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packages like Nix have multiple outputs for things like documentation (see
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section 4). Let's make Nix install those as well.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" /bin" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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This provides us with some useful documentation for using our packages.
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However, if we actually want those manpages to be detected by man, we need
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to set up our environment. This can also be managed within Nix
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expressions.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
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myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
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export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
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'';
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [
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(runCommand "profile" {} ''
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mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
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cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
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'')
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aspell
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bc
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coreutils
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ffmpeg
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man
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nixUnstable
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emscripten
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jq
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nox
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silver-searcher
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];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" /bin" "/etc" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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For this to work fully, you must also have this script sourced when you
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are logged in. Try adding something like this to your
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<filename>~/.profile</filename> file:
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</para>
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<screen>
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#!/bin/sh
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if [ -d $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d ]; then
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for i in $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
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if [ -r $i ]; then
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. $i
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fi
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done
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fi
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</screen>
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<para>
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Now just run <literal>source $HOME/.profile</literal> and you can starting
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loading man pages from your environent.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-gnu-info-setup">
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<title>GNU info setup</title>
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<para>
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Configuring GNU info is a little bit trickier than man pages. To work
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correctly, info needs a database to be generated. This can be done with
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some small modifications to our environment scripts.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
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myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
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export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
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export INFOPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/info:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/info:/usr/share/info
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'';
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [
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(runCommand "profile" {} ''
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mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
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cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
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'')
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aspell
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bc
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coreutils
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ffmpeg
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man
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nixUnstable
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emscripten
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jq
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nox
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silver-searcher
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texinfoInteractive
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];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/share/info" "/bin" "/etc" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" "info" ];
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postBuild = ''
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if [ -x $out/bin/install-info -a -w $out/share/info ]; then
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shopt -s nullglob
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for i in $out/share/info/*.info $out/share/info/*.info.gz; do
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$out/bin/install-info $i $out/share/info/dir
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done
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fi
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'';
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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<literal>postBuild</literal> tells Nixpkgs to run a command after building
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the environment. In this case, <literal>install-info</literal> adds the
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installed info pages to <literal>dir</literal> which is GNU info's default
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root node. Note that <literal>texinfoInteractive</literal> is added to the
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environment to give the <literal>install-info</literal> command.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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