From 51b4c240ed006a8279bd94e9b7ed5df67086c86e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 00:30:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] Use `which` instead of running `rustc --version`

---
 Cargo.lock  | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml  |  1 +
 src/main.rs | 16 ++--------------
 3 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3950c47..1bfd301 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -195,6 +195,12 @@ version = "0.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fea41bba32d969b513997752735605054bc0dfa92b4c56bf1189f2e174be7a10"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "either"
+version = "1.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11157ac094ffbdde99aa67b23417ebdd801842852b500e395a45a9c0aac03e4a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "encode_unicode"
 version = "0.3.6"
@@ -207,6 +213,16 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "errno"
+version = "0.3.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a258e46cdc063eb8519c00b9fc845fc47bcfca4130e2f08e88665ceda8474245"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "filetime"
 version = "0.2.23"
@@ -354,6 +370,12 @@ version = "0.2.153"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c198f91728a82281a64e1f4f9eeb25d82cb32a5de251c6bd1b5154d63a8e7bd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.4.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01cda141df6706de531b6c46c3a33ecca755538219bd484262fa09410c13539c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
 version = "0.4.21"
@@ -521,6 +543,19 @@ version = "0.8.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08c74e62047bb2de4ff487b251e4a92e24f48745648451635cec7d591162d9f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.38.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "65e04861e65f21776e67888bfbea442b3642beaa0138fdb1dd7a84a52dffdb89"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.4.2",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustlings"
 version = "5.6.1"
@@ -537,6 +572,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "toml",
+ "which",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -694,6 +730,18 @@ version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "which"
+version = "6.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8211e4f58a2b2805adfbefbc07bab82958fc91e3836339b1ab7ae32465dce0d7"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+ "home",
+ "rustix",
+ "winsafe",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -865,3 +913,9 @@ checksum = "dffa400e67ed5a4dd237983829e66475f0a4a26938c4b04c21baede6262215b8"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winsafe"
+version = "0.0.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d135d17ab770252ad95e9a872d365cf3090e3be864a34ab46f48555993efc904"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 218b799..de65fc6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ regex = "1.10.3"
 serde_json = "1.0.114"
 serde = { version = "1.0.197", features = ["derive"] }
 toml = "0.8.10"
+which = "6.0.1"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "rustlings"
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index a06f0c5..f932631 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs;
 use std::io::{self, prelude::*};
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+use std::process::Command;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, RecvTimeoutError};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ fn main() {
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
 
-    if !rustc_exists() {
+    if which::which("rustc").is_err() {
         println!("We cannot find `rustc`.");
         println!("Try running `rustc --version` to diagnose your problem.");
         println!("For instructions on how to install Rust, check the README.");
@@ -403,18 +403,6 @@ fn watch(
     }
 }
 
-fn rustc_exists() -> bool {
-    Command::new("rustc")
-        .args(["--version"])
-        .stdout(Stdio::null())
-        .stderr(Stdio::null())
-        .stdin(Stdio::null())
-        .spawn()
-        .and_then(|mut child| child.wait())
-        .map(|status| status.success())
-        .unwrap_or(false)
-}
-
 const DEFAULT_OUT: &str = r#"Thanks for installing Rustlings!
 
 Is this your first time? Don't worry, Rustlings was made for beginners! We are

From dca3ea355ea1809318ea545f23f396405d86aa0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 14:10:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] Remove the home dependency since it is not used

---
 Cargo.lock | 10 ----------
 Cargo.toml |  1 -
 2 files changed, 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3950c47..9d8606a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -255,15 +255,6 @@ version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "home"
-version = "0.5.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3d1354bf6b7235cb4a0576c2619fd4ed18183f689b12b006a0ee7329eeff9a5"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.2.5"
@@ -529,7 +520,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "console",
  "glob",
- "home",
  "indicatif",
  "notify-debouncer-mini",
  "predicates",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 218b799..2e6ab3b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 clap = { version = "4.5.2", features = ["derive"] }
 console = "0.15.8"
 glob = "0.3.0"
-home = "0.5.9"
 indicatif = "0.17.8"
 notify-debouncer-mini = "0.4.1"
 regex = "1.10.3"

From d911586788ad411be92e43cdc2f7e88fee7e78a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2024 17:21:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] Pipe the output to null instead of capturing and
 ignoring it

---
 src/exercise.rs | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/exercise.rs b/src/exercise.rs
index 664b362..e6a9222 100644
--- a/src/exercise.rs
+++ b/src/exercise.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
 use std::fs::{self, remove_file, File};
 use std::io::Read;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process::{self, Command};
+use std::process::{self, Command, Stdio};
 
 const RUSTC_COLOR_ARGS: &[&str] = &["--color", "always"];
 const RUSTC_EDITION_ARGS: &[&str] = &["--edition", "2021"];
@@ -148,7 +148,10 @@ path = "{}.rs""#,
                     .args(RUSTC_COLOR_ARGS)
                     .args(RUSTC_EDITION_ARGS)
                     .args(RUSTC_NO_DEBUG_ARGS)
-                    .output()
+                    .stdin(Stdio::null())
+                    .stdout(Stdio::null())
+                    .stderr(Stdio::null())
+                    .status()
                     .expect("Failed to compile!");
                 // Due to an issue with Clippy, a cargo clean is required to catch all lints.
                 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/2604
@@ -157,7 +160,10 @@ path = "{}.rs""#,
                 Command::new("cargo")
                     .args(["clean", "--manifest-path", CLIPPY_CARGO_TOML_PATH])
                     .args(RUSTC_COLOR_ARGS)
-                    .output()
+                    .stdin(Stdio::null())
+                    .stdout(Stdio::null())
+                    .stderr(Stdio::null())
+                    .status()
                     .expect("Failed to run 'cargo clean'");
                 Command::new("cargo")
                     .args(["clippy", "--manifest-path", CLIPPY_CARGO_TOML_PATH])

From 853d0593d061119b042a45b602ff52af229dad83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:47:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] Derive Eq when PartialEq is derived

---
 src/exercise.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/exercise.rs b/src/exercise.rs
index 664b362..a13ed2c 100644
--- a/src/exercise.rs
+++ b/src/exercise.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub struct Exercise {
 
 // An enum to track of the state of an Exercise.
 // An Exercise can be either Done or Pending
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub enum State {
     // The state of the exercise once it's been completed
     Done,
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub enum State {
 }
 
 // The context information of a pending exercise
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct ContextLine {
     // The source code that is still pending completion
     pub line: String,

From f36efae25deee03cb6f98ce7fc1e59efb7e72985 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:48:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] Only use arg instead of args AND arg

---
 src/run.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/run.rs b/src/run.rs
index e0ada4c..6dd0388 100644
--- a/src/run.rs
+++ b/src/run.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ pub fn run(exercise: &Exercise, verbose: bool) -> Result<(), ()> {
 // Resets the exercise by stashing the changes.
 pub fn reset(exercise: &Exercise) -> Result<(), ()> {
     let command = Command::new("git")
-        .args(["stash", "--"])
+        .arg("stash")
+        .arg("--")
         .arg(&exercise.path)
         .spawn();
 

From ed0fcf8e3d05f5420b55370d4ff4ad8e0ded127b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:49:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] Formatting

---
 src/main.rs   |  7 ++-----
 src/verify.rs | 32 +++++++++++++++-----------------
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index a06f0c5..a0b3af2 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -223,10 +223,7 @@ fn main() {
 
         Subcommands::Watch { success_hints } => match watch(&exercises, verbose, success_hints) {
             Err(e) => {
-                println!(
-                    "Error: Could not watch your progress. Error message was {:?}.",
-                    e
-                );
+                println!("Error: Could not watch your progress. Error message was {e:?}.");
                 println!("Most likely you've run out of disk space or your 'inotify limit' has been reached.");
                 std::process::exit(1);
             }
@@ -280,7 +277,7 @@ fn spawn_watch_shell(
                     if parts.is_empty() {
                         println!("no command provided");
                     } else if let Err(e) = Command::new(parts[0]).args(&parts[1..]).status() {
-                        println!("failed to execute command `{}`: {}", cmd, e);
+                        println!("failed to execute command `{cmd}`: {e}");
                     }
                 } else {
                     println!("unknown command: {input}");
diff --git a/src/verify.rs b/src/verify.rs
index aee2afa..3123e45 100644
--- a/src/verify.rs
+++ b/src/verify.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub fn verify<'a>(
             .progress_chars("#>-"),
     );
     bar.set_position(num_done as u64);
-    bar.set_message(format!("({:.1} %)", percentage));
+    bar.set_message(format!("({percentage:.1} %)"));
 
     for exercise in exercises {
         let compile_result = match exercise.mode {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn verify<'a>(
         }
         percentage += 100.0 / total as f32;
         bar.inc(1);
-        bar.set_message(format!("({:.1} %)", percentage));
+        bar.set_message(format!("({percentage:.1} %)"));
         if bar.position() == total as u64 {
             println!(
                 "Progress: You completed {} / {} exercises ({:.1} %).",
@@ -191,27 +191,25 @@ fn prompt_for_completion(
         Mode::Test => "The code is compiling, and the tests pass!",
         Mode::Clippy => clippy_success_msg,
     };
-    println!();
+
     if no_emoji {
-        println!("~*~ {success_msg} ~*~")
+        println!("\n~*~ {success_msg} ~*~\n");
     } else {
-        println!("🎉 🎉  {success_msg} 🎉 🎉")
+        println!("\n🎉 🎉  {success_msg} 🎉 🎉\n");
     }
-    println!();
 
     if let Some(output) = prompt_output {
-        println!("Output:");
-        println!("{}", separator());
-        println!("{output}");
-        println!("{}", separator());
-        println!();
+        println!(
+            "Output:\n{separator}\n{output}\n{separator}\n",
+            separator = separator(),
+        );
     }
     if success_hints {
-        println!("Hints:");
-        println!("{}", separator());
-        println!("{}", exercise.hint);
-        println!("{}", separator());
-        println!();
+        println!(
+            "Hints:\n{separator}\n{}\n{separator}\n",
+            exercise.hint,
+            separator = separator(),
+        );
     }
 
     println!("You can keep working on this exercise,");
@@ -231,7 +229,7 @@ fn prompt_for_completion(
             "{:>2} {}  {}",
             style(context_line.number).blue().bold(),
             style("|").blue(),
-            formatted_line
+            formatted_line,
         );
     }
 

From 1f2029ae5503024f71203893fe1eab7b90aa80af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:49:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] Add missing semicolon

---
 src/main.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index a0b3af2..6884a0e 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ fn main() {
                 println!("Failed to write rust-project.json to disk for rust-analyzer");
             } else {
                 println!("Successfully generated rust-project.json");
-                println!("rust-analyzer will now parse exercises, restart your language server or editor")
+                println!("rust-analyzer will now parse exercises, restart your language server or editor");
             }
         }
 

From 980ffa2a2bb791992ef05ca9b05aadba62ec6abc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:49:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] Use == on simple enums

---
 src/verify.rs | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/verify.rs b/src/verify.rs
index 3123e45..e2fa98f 100644
--- a/src/verify.rs
+++ b/src/verify.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ pub fn verify<'a>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum RunMode {
     Interactive,
     NonInteractive,
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ fn compile_and_test(
             if verbose {
                 println!("{}", output.stdout);
             }
-            if let RunMode::Interactive = run_mode {
+            if run_mode == RunMode::Interactive {
                 Ok(prompt_for_completion(exercise, None, success_hints))
             } else {
                 Ok(true)

From e89028581cd03c02cb0971a2772fa382667019a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:49:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] Use == instead of eq

---
 src/main.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 6884a0e..559be69 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ fn spawn_watch_shell(
 }
 
 fn find_exercise<'a>(name: &str, exercises: &'a [Exercise]) -> &'a Exercise {
-    if name.eq("next") {
+    if name == "next" {
         exercises
             .iter()
             .find(|e| !e.looks_done())

From a610fc1bc21a04017542208ef70a8010ee00c04c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:50:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Remove unneeded closure

---
 src/main.rs | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 559be69..eca73fa 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -335,7 +335,6 @@ fn watch(
 
     clear_screen();
 
-    let to_owned_hint = |t: &Exercise| t.hint.to_owned();
     let failed_exercise_hint = match verify(
         exercises.iter(),
         (0, exercises.len()),
@@ -343,7 +342,7 @@ fn watch(
         success_hints,
     ) {
         Ok(_) => return Ok(WatchStatus::Finished),
-        Err(exercise) => Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(to_owned_hint(exercise)))),
+        Err(exercise) => Arc::new(Mutex::new(Some(exercise.hint.clone()))),
     };
     spawn_watch_shell(&failed_exercise_hint, Arc::clone(&should_quit));
     loop {
@@ -380,7 +379,7 @@ fn watch(
                                 Err(exercise) => {
                                     let mut failed_exercise_hint =
                                         failed_exercise_hint.lock().unwrap();
-                                    *failed_exercise_hint = Some(to_owned_hint(exercise));
+                                    *failed_exercise_hint = Some(exercise.hint.clone());
                                 }
                             }
                         }

From 87001a68c0cc6b3498a253d0923e9c609355c4ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mo8it <mo8it@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2024 17:50:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] The string doesn't have to be a raw string

---
 src/main.rs | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index eca73fa..141549c 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ fn rustc_exists() -> bool {
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
-const DEFAULT_OUT: &str = r#"Thanks for installing Rustlings!
+const DEFAULT_OUT: &str = "Thanks for installing Rustlings!
 
 Is this your first time? Don't worry, Rustlings was made for beginners! We are
 going to teach you a lot of things about Rust, but before we can get
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ started, here's a couple of notes about how Rustlings operates:
    autocompletion, run the command `rustlings lsp`.
 
 Got all that? Great! To get started, run `rustlings watch` in order to get the first
-exercise. Make sure to have your editor open!"#;
+exercise. Make sure to have your editor open!";
 
 const FENISH_LINE: &str = "+----------------------------------------------------+
 |          You made it to the Fe-nish line!          |